Tags / 53 quotes from 26 sources
#science
100,000 Articles - And The Data Scientists Who Mine Them - Bio-it World
Plos taxonomy
The PLOS Taxonomy consists of a thesaurus – the set of more than 10,000 terms and synonyms that are used as subject matter tags for PLOS articles – and the complex hierarchy by which those terms are organized. The whole system had to be custom-built for PLOS, thanks to the one…
A New Semantic Similarity Based Measure For Assessing Research Publication’s Contribution
Publication contribution
A publication has a high contribution if it creates a “long bridge” between more distant areas of science.
Ajp -- The Jan Patocka Archive
The Jan Patočka Archive
Jan Patočka Archive originated de facto on the day of Patočka's death, 13 March 1977, when his students hid Patočka's literary legacy from the StB (State Security) and secretly began to prepare it for publication. For these activities, the editorial group (Ivan Chvatík, Radim…
Beyond Zero and One (Andrew Smart)
AI is still building wing-flapping machines
However, when studying human thought and artificial intelligence we do not have something like aerodynamics. We do not know the right physical principles and models that allow humans to think or be conscious. Right now we are convinced it is through computations, but I believe…
Accuracy versus precision
is important to keep in mind the difference between accuracy and precision. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to its true value; precision refers to the repeatability of the measurement. If you have a bias in your measuring equipment, you might be very precise…
Precise but inaccurate: the faulty glucose monitor
monitor that overestimates blood sugar the same way every time.
Leibniz withdraws his binary essay
Leibniz came up with binary numbers in about 1679, when he wrote a letter to a colleague about a “new science of numbers” on which he was working. Leibniz was soon invited by the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris to contribute to their new annual publication, the Histoire de…
Mathematical models are not reality
Edge magazine: Many mathematicians are Platonists. They think that the Universe is made of mathematical stuff, and that the job of mathematicians is merely to discover it. I strongly deny this point of view. This does not mean, however, that I am a ‘social constructivist’ … [I…
Flight without a theory of everything
invoke the flight analogy, we understand enough about
Brain Rules for Baby (John Medina)
Real parenting is richer than the data
The real world of moms and dads is a much richer, much more amazing experience than the two-dimensional world of data, including all the stuff in this book. It’s easy to feel like the exasperated new father in the comic strip Baby Blues, who says, “The only time I ever felt…
Complex system - Wikipedia
Networks and complex systems
The interacting components of a complex system form a network, which is a collection of discrete objects and relationships between them, usually depicted as a graph of vertices connected by edges. Networks can describe the relationships between individuals within an…
Emergent behaviors and properties
Another common feature of complex systems is the presence of emergent behaviors and properties: these are traits of a system that are not apparent from its components in isolation but which result from the interactions, dependencies, or relationships they form when placed…
Systems that exhibit complexity
For a system to exhibit complexity means that the systems' behaviors cannot be easily inferred from its properties. Any modeling approach that ignores such difficulties or characterizes them as noise will necessarily produce models that are neither accurate nor useful. As yet…
Nonlinear behavior
Complex systems often have nonlinear behavior, meaning they may respond in different ways to the same input depending on their state or context. In mathematics and physics, nonlinearity describes systems in which a change in the size of the input does not produce a proportional…
Computational Humanities: Workshop At The 10th International Conference On Computational Science
Computational humanities
Computational Humanities is a new, largely unexplored, field which is situated at the interface between the humanities and the (exact) sciences, in particular information science. The humanities differ from the sciences in their concern with expressions of the human mind, such…
Degenerate Epistemology
Scientific truth
Science, especially physics, has taught us to be very cautious about our naïve certainties (“that’s the way it is!”), everyday intuitions (“it must be that way!”), and commonsensical rejections (“that’s impossible!”). While reading this issue of Philosophy & Technology…
Eugene Garfield - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Eugene garfield and the beginning of the impact factor
Following ideas inspired by Vannevar Bush's famous 1945 article "As We May Think", Garfield undertook the development of a comprehensive citation index showing the propagation of scientific thinking; he started the Institute for Scientific Information in 1955. The creation of…
Human, All Too Human: A Book For Free Spirits
Science should give us a chemistry of the moral, religious, aesthetic conceptions and feeling
Chemistry of the Notions and the Feelings.—Philosophical problems, in almost all their aspects, present themselves in the same interrogative formula now that they did two thousand years ago: how can a thing develop out of its antithesis? for example, the reasonable from the…
Logic and mathematics
Logic itself rests upon assumptions to which nothing in the world of reality corresponds. For example, the correspondence of certain things to one another and the identity of those things at different periods of time are assumptions pure and simple, but the science of logic…
Science and philosophy
This constitutes the antagonism between the specialties of science and philosophy. The latter aims, as art aims, at imparting to life and conduct the utmost depth and significance: in the former mere knowledge is sought and nothing else—whatever else be incidentally obtained.
Luther's reformation and Shopenauer's doctrine are both metaphysical
Luther's reformation shows that in his century all the impulses to freedom of the spirit were still uncertain, lacking in vigor, and immature. Science could not yet rear her head. Indeed the whole Renaissance appears but as an early spring smothered in snow. But even in the…
Life, The Multiverse And Everything: An Introduction To The Ideas Of Humberto Maturana Interpreting Maturana
What science does
Science can only deal with structure-determined systems, with composite entities, i.e. with systems whose structures determine what will happen. [In proposing a generative mechanism as an explanation for the phenomenon to be explained science always proposes a…
Lo Spirito del Giappone (Leonardo Vittorio Arena)
Il confucianesimo ha frenato la scienza
Tuttavia, il rapporto con la tradizione resta problematico. Come deve rapportarsi il Giappone al confucianesimo, il suo secolare pilastro etico e politico? Si può rinunciare di colpo a questo lascito culturale e troncare con il passato? Né Nishi né il suo contemporaneo Fukuzawa…
Scienza e arte secondo Nishi
Si evidenzia la dicotomia tra scienza (gaku) e arte (jutsu). Secondo Nishi, riecheggia la distinzione tra la «sostanza» o la «struttura» (t’i) e la «funzione» (yung), formulata nel taoismo e ripresa nel confucianesimo. Nishi considera interdipendenti il sapere scientifico e la…
Fukuzawa tra scienza occidentale e tradizione confuciana
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901) è un altro filosofo dell’epoca influenzato dal positivismo. La sua opera fondamentale è il Profilo della civiltà (1875); da ricordare, Incoraggiamento al sapere (1880).6 Egli si oppone al nazionalismo ottuso dei suoi contemporanei, e caldeggia la…
I tre stadi della civiltà
Fukuzawa divide la storia in tre periodi: lo stato di natura, una condizione di civiltà parziale ai confini con la barbarie, e la civiltà vera e propria. Nel primo stadio vige il diritto del più forte, e manca un nucleo sociale; il filosofo è influenzato dai giusnaturalisti del…
La storia non si conclude mai
A differenza di Comte e di altri positivisti, ritiene che lo stadio positivo non sarà definitivo: l’umanità dovrà evolversi ancora, in direzioni per il momento neppure prevedibili. La scienza imboccherà nuove vie, e finiranno per imporsi altre metodologie, determinando nuovi…
Scienza e morale crescono insieme
Fukuzawa insiste sull’equivalenza tra morale e conoscenza, affermando che il progresso scientifico procede di pari passo con quello etico. L’ottimismo dei filosofi Meiji è trasparente. Non fu Wang Yang-ming a sottolineare la stretta correlazione, anzi l’unità, di conoscenza e…
Mind: A Brief Introduction (John R. Searle)
Descartes divides the territory between science and religion
Cartesian dualism was important in the seventeenth century for a number of reasons, not the least of which being that it seemed to divide up the territory between science and religion. In the seventeenth century the new scientific discoveries seemed to pose a threat to…
Dualism versus the conservation of energy
It seems impossible to make substance dualism consistent with modern physics. Physics says that the amount of matter/energy in the universe is constant; but substance dualism seems to imply that there is another kind of energy, mental energy or spiritual energy, that is not…
Psychology redefined as the science of behavior
Methodological behaviorism was a movement in psychology. It attempted to put psychology on a respectable scientific footing, along with other natural sciences, by insisting that psychology should study only objectively observable behavior. The “laws” that such a discipline was…
Identities discovered, not defined
The model for the behaviorists was one of definitional identities. Pains are dispositions to behavior in a way that triangles are three-sided plane figures. In each case it is a matter of definition. The identity theorists said no, the model is not definitions, but rather…
Epistemic versus ontological subjectivity
The fact that conscious states are ontologically subjective, in the sense that they exist only as experienced by a human or animal subject, does not imply that there cannot be a scientifically objective study of conscious states. “Objective” and “subjective” are systematically…
Neurology must study subjective feelings
the whole science of neurology requires that we try to seek an epistemically objective scientific account of pains, anxieties, and other afflictions that patients suffer from in order that we can treat these with medical techniques. Whenever I hear philosophers and…
Nature is radically contingent
nature is radically contingent. Many of the most important explanatory principles in science are by no means intuitive or obvious. Think of the Schroedinger equation or Planck’s constant or for that matter, Einstein’s famous e=mc2. In each case, this is just how nature turned…
Nature-branded Journal Goes Open Access-only: Can We Celebrate Already? | Open Knowledge Foundation Blog
Alternatives to gold model open access
Are there no alternatives to this commodified, market-oriented logic currently in play in scientific publishing? Will this logic (and its serious disadvantages) be always dominant, regardless if the journal is "proprietary" or open access? Well, not necessarily: even within the…
Nishida Kitarō (stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy)
Philosophy
...he defined philosophy as science [gakumon], i.e. unified conceptual knowledge, more specifically the first and universal science that “reflects on the basic concepts of the particular sciences in general and constructs of them one system of knowledge.” Yet “its object of…
Ontologies And Knowledge Bases: Towards A Terminological Clarification
General ontology vs regional ontology
Aristotle defined Ontology as the science of being as such: unlike the special sciences, each of which investigates a class of beings and their determinations, Ontology regards “all the species of being qua being and the attributes which belong to it qua being” (Aristotle…
Research Fronts 2014 : 100 Top Ranked Specialties In The Sciences And Social
A citation index is better than manually selected indexing terms
When Eugene Garfield introduced the concept of a citation index for the sciences in 1955, he emphasized its several advantages over traditional subject indexing. Since a citation index records the references in each article indexed, a search can proceed from a known work of…
Richard Feynman On Religion, Science, The Search For Truth & Our Willingness To Live With Doubt - Open Culture
Agnosticism
“But what is truth?” asks a certain kind of skeptic. That, suggests the late Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman above, depends upon your method. If you’re doing science, you may find answers, but not necessarily the ones you want: "If you expected science to give all…
Science Journals Have Passed Their Expiration Date -- It's Time For The Publishing Platform - Innovation Insights
Against anonymous peer review
Peer review is a core building block of formal science publishing. In reality, anonymous review is not effective in fulfilling the intended purpose of assuring accuracy and credibility; its nature promotes fraud and is an excuse for delay. Authors must know who is evaluating…
Scientific publishing is a relic from another age
Scientific journals keep alive a culture of unnecessary adjudication, delay, corruption-rich anonymous peer review, and conclusions without the underlying data sets. Enough! What the world needs are publishing platforms, not journals. Here is what a publishing platform does: A…
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (Stephen R. Covey)
Kuhn and paradigm shifts in science
The term paradigm shift was introduced by Thomas Kuhn in his highly influential landmark book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn shows how almost every significant breakthrough in the field of scientific endeavor is first a break with tradition, with old ways of…
The Acid Diaries (Christopher Gray)
We need the diaries of explorers
I have felt myself to be in the position of geographers or explorers of an earlier age, as they pushed into terra incognita. I am still not sure myself of exactly what happened, or of what I saw. In the words of Terence McKenna: The early approach with psychedelics was the…
Schultes finds natural LSD in morning glories
The dispute was to be resolved from an entirely different quarter: from the fieldwork of the Harvard botanist Richard Evans Schultes. Richard Schultes was the last of the great explorer/botanists of an earlier age. As a graduate student he had researched the peyote cult in the…
Taught by the plants themselves
Indeed, the far-reaching question Schultes’s fieldwork raises is how the local tribes could possibly have worked it out. Trial and error, in a jungle containing some eighty thousand different species of plant, hardly seems credible. The case of curare, the paralyzing arrow…
The Book: On The Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are
The body is in the soul
It is not enough, therefore, to describe, define, and try to understand things or events by analysis alone, by taking them to pieces to find out “how they are made.” This tells us much, but probably rather less than half the story. Today, scientists are more and more aware that…
Moralistic preaching breeds cunning hypocrites
But the way is not back. Just as science overcame its purely atomistic and mechanical view of the world through more science, the ego-trick must be overcome through intensified self-consciousness. For there is no way of getting rid of the feeling of separateness by a so-called…
The Ego Trick (baggini, Julian)
The rejection of meta-narratives
Postmodernism rejected all that. The world has no real essence that is just waiting for us to describe. Reality is constituted by our understanding of it. History is created by the stories we tell about the past, and there are innumerable different such stories we can tell…
Theories of Childhood, Second Edition (Carol Garhart Mooney)
Careful observation as Montessori's method
Since Montessori trained as a doctor, she brought the skills of a scientist to the classroom. When she turned her energies toward the education of young children, it seemed only natural to use her scientific skills. She believed that if you are going to teach, you need to know…
Open-ended activities and questions
Open-ended activities do not have a predetermined result or product. For example, when a teacher plans a science experiment to which she already knows the answer, the experiment is not open-ended. However, when children plant seeds and chart the days until the shoot breaks…
Thesauri Of Historical Periods – A Proposal For Standardization.
Multilingual thesauri of period names
This paper presents the development of a methodology for creating multilingual thesauri of period names based on the specifications of CIDOC, archaeological theory and results from Computer Science and Know ledge Representation.
What Is “open Science”? Carlos Moedas Gets It, Do You? | Petermr's Blog
What is open science
So what’s Open? Open has worked in other fields, especially software. Moedas continues: In my view, there is a strong economic, scientific and moral case for embracing open science. Which brings me to my first point: why open science is a good thing and one of the 3 core…