Tags / 41 quotes from 25 sources
#objects
An Introduction To Obo Ontologies
Classes model types, not instances
Classes (also called "terms" in this guide) model types of objects or processes in the real world. Note that classes model types, not instances. For example, the Gene Ontology class "mitochondria" models the class of all mitochondria, not any particular mitochondria in some…
Automatic Heritage Metadata Enrichment With Historic Events | Museumsandtheweb.com
Enriching museum metadata with historical events
Most digitized and online available objects from GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums) can be browsed through a predefined set of formal metadata, such as its creator, year of creation, and type of material. Standards for metadata management and exchange enable…
Chirality (chemistry) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Chirality
A chiral molecule /ˈkaɪərəl/ is a type of molecule that has a non-superposable mirror image. The feature that is most often the cause of chirality in molecules is the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom.[1][2] The term chiral in general is used to describe an object that is…
Cidoc-crm Version 4.2.4 - Reference Document
The open world assumption
The "Open World Assumption" is a term from knowledge base systems. It characterizes knowledge base systems that assume the information stored is incomplete relative to the universe of discourse they intend to describe. This incompleteness may be due to the inability of the…
Data Model - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Data model
In software engineering, the term data model is used in two related senses. In the sense covered by this article, it is a description of the objects represented by a computer system together with their properties and relationships; these are typically "real world" objects such…
Digital Hermeneutics: Agora And The Online Understanding Of Cultural Heritage
Object-event and event-event relationships
In SEM each event is defined by four elements, i.e. actor, location, period and type. The core of digital hermeneutics is formed by two components: object-event relationships and event-event relationships. By making explicit relationships between the objects and events, and…
Three kinds of object-event relationship
We distinguish three types of object-event-relationships defining the event dimension of objects. The first two types of object-event relationships are given by the historical context as the majority of the general public will perceive it; what historical event, such as, a war…
Filters Vs. Facets: Definitions
Filters versus faceted navigation
Filters are one such tool — they analyze a given set of content to exclude items that don’t meet certain criteria. More recently, rich information systems have also begun to provide faceted navigation, which basically extends the idea of filters even further into a complex…
Historical Event-based Access To Museum Collections
Beyond zapping through museum collections
In our case, we are dealing with the question of how museums can present the specific information that belongs to objects in their collection in a way that strengthens users’ historical understanding and involvement in relevant historical debates. We are also ask- ing ourselves…
Object-driven and event-driven exploration
We argue that collection access through events can remedy these bottlenecks as events provide the context that can link a variety of objects together, providing a more comprehensive overview than facets. To facilitate cross-collection access, we aim to develop an event…
Limitation of faceted search systems
Although museum collections and their accompanying information are becoming available in digital forms, search is often limited to keyword search and browsing through predefined facets[1]. These access methods are not optimal; in keyword search, for example, it is not clear how…
Jonathanslenders/python-prompt-toolkit: Library For Building Powerful Interactive Command Lines In Python
Code Architecture
The source code of prompt_toolkit should be readable, concise and efficient. We prefer short functions focusing each on one task and for which the input and output types are clearly specified. We mostly prefer composition over inheritance, because inheritance can result in too…
Life, The Multiverse And Everything: An Introduction To The Ideas Of Humberto Maturana Interpreting Maturana
Objects arise with language; language is a system of orienting behaviour
[...] objects arise with language. Objects are entities specified in the coordinations of coordinations of consensual actions. "...the participants of a consensual domain of interactions operate in their consensual behaviour making consensual distinctions of their consensual…
The illusion of independent existence
So objects arise in languaging and at the same time obscure the operations of distinction for which they stand. Hence we are left with these entities which seem to exist independently of everything. This illusion of independent existence is achieved because the objects obscure…
Constitutive ontologies = second path
In following the second path the observer assumes, quite differently, that the starting point must be the constitutive biological phenomena of being unable to distinguish perception from illusion in daily living. In the absence of being able to make statements about…
Parenthesising :
This clearly emerges from Maturana's theory concerning the ontology of the observer and underlying the fact that no objective reality exists independently of some observer. This view moves us to bracket or parenthesise all speaking and listening, all explanations, all…
Example of objects
When I use my pen to ink marks onto this piece of white paper, the action of writing or 'inking' is an operation of distinction whereby I bring forth the inked words on the page. So 'inking' as an action is the operation of distinction I can consensually enact and the inked…
The previous statement entails that the assumption of an objective reality is a "miss-take"
In other words, if we take seriously the fact that in the experiential domain this distinction is impossible, then it follows that we cannot rely - for the validation of our arguments - on any assumption that entails having a privileged or direct access to 'outside' objects…
The cat and the mouse
Prior to human beings there were no objects, since objects arose with language. If we see a cat chasing and catching a mouse, then for Maturana the 'cat' is (not) eating the 'mouse'. Rather "it is flowing in the structural dynamics of its structural coupling/congruence in its…
Linked Data: Evolving The Web Into A Global Data Space
Any HTTP URI should be dereferenceable
Any HTTP URI should be dereferenceable, meaning that HTTP clients can look up the URI using the HTTP protocol and retrieve a description of the resource that is identified by the URI. This applies to URIs that are used to identify classic HTML documents, as well as URIs that…
Lo Spirito del Giappone (Leonardo Vittorio Arena)
Mono: cosa e creatura insieme
La parola mono, «cosa», significa anche creatura. Nel pensiero nipponico non si profila una netta linea di demarcazione tra gli oggetti e le creature viventi. Il cosmo è una struttura compatta, unitaria e ben organizzata, dove ogni elemento partecipa dell’insieme. È una…
Il barattolo rotto e riparato di Rikyu
L’antichità del wabi si deduce dalla sottile patina di polvere sui muri, o dalle tazze incrinate, non per questo inutilizzabili. Un mercante mostra compiaciuto a Rikyu un servizio di ceramica con eleganti barattoli per la conservazione delle foglie. Il maestro del tè non vi…
Yugen (definizione)
Yugen. «Profondità misteriosa» inerente alla natura degli oggetti, mai decodificabile appieno. Qualità estetica. Grazie allo yugen, si percepisce la stretta affinità tra la realtà concreta e l’ineffabile.
Medieval Semiotics (meier-oeser, Stephan)
Rejection of Augustine's definition of the sign, and the semantic triangle
The consequences of this view are many: for instance, the rejection, or at least the modification, of Augustine's venerable definition of the sign, and the new possibility to describe the relationship between the concept and its object without referring to the notion of…
Nishida Kitarō (stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy)
Aristotle's hypokeimenon
We may use Nishida's own terms to explain his second concern, the way that objects ordinarily function in judgments. In what Nishida alternatively called the logic of objects or subjective logic, objects of consciousness are made the subject of propositions or judgments, and…
Official Blog: Introducing The Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings
Knowledge graph
The Knowledge Graph enables you to search for things, people or places that Google knows about—landmarks, celebrities, cities, sports teams, buildings, geographical features, movies, celestial objects, works of art and more—and instantly get information that’s relevant to your…
Rdf Primer
Reification and the reification quad
RDF applications sometimes need to describe other RDF statements using RDF, for instance, to record information about when statements were made, who made them, or other similar information (this is sometimes referred to as "provenance" information). [...] RDF provides a…
Responsive Design Begins With The Url | Smashing Magazine
Responsive design begins with the information architecture
The core principle in creating a potentially enormous website that will last forever is to get the information architecture right in the first place. This involves knowing your data objects and how they fit together. It should also determine the URL structure, which for…
Supporting Multiple Paths To Objects In Information Hierarchies: Faceted Classification, Faceted Search, And Symbolic Links
Ranganathan's facets
It was through the Colon Classification that Ranganathan introduced the concepts of facets and facet analysis. Facets were Ranganathan’s solution to the inherent problems with the Dewey Decimal and Library of Con- gress classification systems, namely, that index terms had to be…
The Book: On The Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are
IT cannot be made an object
The difficulty is not only that language is dualistic, insofar as words are labels for mutually exclusive classes. The problem is that IT is so much more myself than I thought I was, so central and so basic to my existence, that I cannot make it an object. There is no way to…
Quantum theory: no intrinsic properties
in accordance with William Blake’s principle that “The fool who persists in his folly will become wise,” the persistent scientist is the first to realize the obsolescence of old models of the world. Open a good, standard textbook on quantum theory: … the world cannot be…
The Cidoc Conceptual Reference Module: An Ontological Approach To Semantic Interoperability Of Metadata
Semantic uniqueness of properties
[...] we require semantic uniqueness of properties: no two properties with the same semantics should be declared for two different domains, e.g. a property has age from people to number of years and a property life-span from animals to number of years should be merged and…
The Ego Trick (baggini, Julian)
Much of reality is bundle-like
it’s worth remembering just how much of reality is bundle-like. Atoms are not solid objects but bundles of electrons, neutrons and protons. A plant is a complicated system, not a simple thing. Cars only exist as an assemblage of parts. The internet is a network, not an object…
Quantitative versus qualitative identity
For philosophers, ‘identity’ comes in two main forms: quantitative and qualitative. Two or more things are qualitatively identical when interchanging them would make no difference. For instance, if you have two qualitatively identical bowling balls, it makes no difference which…
Leibniz's law
Quantitative identity is governed by a strict logic, summed up in what has become known as Leibniz’s law. In essence this says that if x and y are the same object, then what is true of x at any given time is also true of y at that same time. This is why two merely qualitatively…
The ship of Theseus
The problem is that this logically strict notion of sameness only works for reasonably solid, stable objects. In all sorts of real-world cases, notions of ‘sameness’ are vaguer and more context-dependent. Take Hobbes’s famous example of the ship of Theseus.21 This vessel is…
The Tao Of Topic Maps
A topic can be anything whatsoever
What then is a topic? A topic, in its most generic sense, can be any “thing” whatsoever — a person, an entity, a concept, really anything — regardless of whether it exists or has any other specific characteristics, about which anything whatsoever may be asserted by any means…
Theories of Childhood, Second Edition (Carol Garhart Mooney)
Object permanence and the dropped spoon
Piaget believed that in the beginning, babies’ reactions to the world are purely reflexive (without thought). He said that intelligence began when the reactions became purposeful. For example, when we watch an infant lying below a crib gym, we notice that initially he shows a…
Wrinkles and irons, one aspect at a time
They are focusing on one aspect of the baby—the baby has wrinkles, and one aspect of the iron—the iron is used to get wrinkles out. The children do not naturally consider at the same time that the iron is hot, hot enough to hurt, and that a baby has skin like theirs that could…
Thesauri Of Historical Periods – A Proposal For Standardization.
Periods as generalizations of events
The CRM models periods as a generalization of events, which occur in space-time. It uses temporal and spatial relationships even for cases where absolute time and space are unknown. The notion of history is based on timelines of objects becoming manifest in events.
Towards An Ontology Of Software: A Requirements Engineering Perspective
Artifacts have proper functions
notion of (technical) artifact. We are aware that many such notions have been discussed in the literature, but the one by Baker [20] works well for us: “Artifacts are objects intentionally made to serve a given purpose”; “Artifacts have proper functions that they are…