Tags / 27 quotes from 16 sources
#machine
A Third Industrial Revolution | The Economist
Additive manufacturing
And at the most recent EuroMold fair, last November, another group of machines was on display: three-dimensional (3D) printers. Instead of bashing, bending and cutting material the way it always has been, 3D printers build things by depositing material, layer by layer. That is…
Beyond Zero and One (Andrew Smart)
Markets disconnected from the real economy
Furthermore, new algorithms that exploit the high volatility associated with distress and crashes are being aggressively developed. The presence of these “agents” in the market can cause self-perpetuating, reflexive hyper-volatility that can spiral out of control. Dr. Sornette…
Bulletin February/march 2015
Joint declaration of data citation principles
The scope of the principles is solely to provide data citation recommendations, not to include detailed specifications for implementation or to focus on technologies or tools or research data repositories. The principles should extend to all disciplines and all types of data…
Epigrams On Programming
Turing machine
What is the difference between a Turing machine and the modern computer? It's the same as that between Hillary's ascent of Everest and the establishment of a Hilton hotel on its peak.
Google Research Publication: Mapreduce
MapReduce, Google's model for big data
MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate…
Hamlet On The Holodeck
The holodeck idea
First introduced on 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' in 1987, the holodeck consists of an empty black cube covered in white gridlines upon which a computer can project elaborate simulations by combining holography with magnetic "force fields" and energy-to-matter conversions…
The invention of eliza
In 1966, Joseph Weizenbaum, a professor of computer science at MIT, create, as an experiment in natural language processing, a computer program called ELIZA that carried on a conversation by replying to typed-in statements with printed words. [...] The resulting persona, Eliza…
How Books Will Become Machines
Cultural tool vs cultural machine
As machines, they offer much more possibilities than traditional ones. However, these various new modes of usage are explicitly programmed. A paper map can be used freely, including for other purposes than its original function (wrapping an object, taking a note). It is a…
Regulated representations become machines
Our core hypothesis is that regulated representations get more regular over time. The general process of this regulating tendency is the transformation of a convention into a mechanism. The regulation usually proceeds in two consecutive steps, firstly mechanizing the…
Making Uris Dereferenceable | Ontogenealogy
The Web is intended to be an information space that may be used by humans as well as by machines
HTTP URIs should be dereferenceable, i. e. HTTP clients can look up the URI using the HTTP protocol and retrieve a description of the resource that is identified by the URI. The Web is intended to be an information space that may be used by humans as well as by machines. Both…
Mind: A Brief Introduction (John R. Searle)
The charge of neuronal chauvinism
One slightly more technical objection that really did concern the identity theorists and indeed eventually forced a modification in their views was the accusation of “neuronal chauvinism.”16 If the claim of the identity theorists was that every pain is identical with a certain…
Minds are like carburetors, thermostats and clocks
another appeal of the functionalist account of mental states is that it seemed to assimilate the mental realm to a very familiar realm of human functional entities. Thus if we ask, What is a carburetor? What is a thermostat? What is a clock?—all of these questions are answered…
Rdf Primer
Machine processable statements in rdf
RDF is about making machine-processable statements. To make these kinds of statements suitable for processing by machines, two things are needed: - a system of machine-processable identifiers for identifying a subject, predicate, or object in a statement without any possibility…
Semantic Web Activity Statement
The Semantic Web vision
The Semantic Web is a vision: the idea of having data on the Web defined and linked in a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purposes, but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications.
The Functional Art: An Introduction To Information Graphics And Visualization
Exaptations
But evolution eventually crossed paths with another possible function: to control the movement of air around the feathered extremities, which allowed a primi-tive form of gliding. This is an example of what paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould called exaptation, by which a trait…
Three Steps To Heaven: Semantic Publishing In A Real World Workflow
Light semantic publishing
Semantic publishing offers the promise of computable papers, enriched visualisation and a realisation of the linked data ideal. [...] It promises a realisation of the vision of a next generation of the web, with papers becoming a critical part of a linked data environment…
Towards An Ontology Of Software: A Requirements Engineering Perspective
Machine, environment and their interface
In our understanding, the two ovals represent the possible phenomena involving the environment (to the left) and a programmable plat- form connected to the environment, called the machine (to the right). The intersection represents phenomena at the interface between the machine…
Broad definitions of software
Osterweil believes that, in addition to com- puter software, there are other kinds of software, such as laws or recipes. In a nutshell, he characterizes software as something non-physical and intangible, which could be executed to manage and control tangible entities [12]…
Software systems versus software products
While the essential function of a software system is to control the external behavior of a certain machine (i.e., according to the Jackson et al.’s approach, that part of the behavior that is “visible” to both the environment and machine), the essential function of a software…
Environment and machine in requirements engineering
several papers by Jackson and Zave [9], [21], [10], which draw a clear distinction between the environment, which is where the ultimate effects of software are expected, and the machine, the computer-driven system where software operates. Their goal is to show that the…
What requirements engineering is
In software engineering, the desired effects the software is intended to have on the environment are called requirements. The role of the sub-discipline of software engi- neering called requirements engineering is to elicit, make explicit and analyze these requirements in order…
Two Decades Of The Language-action Perspective
Expert behaviour and machines
The conclusion that software is unlikely to ever exhibit intelligent behavior was reached by a powerful new interpretation of skillful action based in the work of modern philosophers. The essence of their interpretation is that skillful action always occurs in a context set by…
Where Are The Semantics In The Semantic Web?
Hardwired semantics versus public semantics
The general case of automatically determining the meaning of Web content is somewhere between intractable and impossible. Thus, a human will always be hardwiring some of the semantics into Web applications. The question is what is hardwired and what is not? The shopping agent…
Where are the semantics?
The most widely accepted defining feature of the Semantic Web is machine-usable content. By this definition, the Semantic Web is already manifest in shopping agents that automatically access and use Web content to find the lowest air fares, or book prices. But where are the…
Hardwiring knowledge into software
Machine usable content presumes that the machine knows what to do with information on the Web. One way for this to happen is for the machine to read and process a machine-sensible specification of the semantics of the information. This is a robust and very challenging approach…
Machine processible semantics
A more robust approach is to formally represent the semantics and allow the machine to process it to dynamically discover what the content means and how to use it — we call this machine processible semantics. This may be an impossible goal to achieve in its full generality, so…
Machines must know what content means
The most frequently quoted defining feature of the Semantic Web is machine usable Web content. Fundamentally, this requires that machines must “know” how to recognize the content they are looking for, and they must “know” what to do when they encounter it. This “knowledge”…