Tags / 39 quotes from 25 sources
#concept
An Example Of Ontology Driven Software Engineering
Examples of rich semantic and geospatial aggregations queries
This technology allows the Press Association to accurately semantically annotate news assets (stories and images) with linked data concepts (locations, people, organisations etc), so PA can provide APIs for their consumers based on rich semantic and geospatial aggregations…
Beyond Zero and One (Andrew Smart)
Confusing experience with knowledge
Again in an email correspondence with Riccardo Manzotti he says: There is a confusion between experience and knowledge, which is the same as saying that there is a confusion between phenomenology and epistemology. Since we do both with our minds, a lot of people confuse the…
Concepts describe the world, experience is of it
One may be aware of one’s concepts and mental operations but that is the result of one’s capability of being conscious of the world (and thus also of certain internal tools to describe the world). In other words, we should not mix the concepts that we use to describe the world…
Birger Hjørland - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Hjørland’s domain analysis theory
Hjørland’s “Domain Analysis” is an attempt at a comprehensive theory that can be applied to Information Science. Its main premise is a set of analytical tools that can be applied in subsets or as a whole to in order to study the effects of different social, epistemological, and…
Boro Method (wikipedia Contributors)
BORO identifies concepts by their extent
Traditional methods of data analysis tend to be linguistic; comparison of concepts is based on the names these concepts have. More modern methods have introduced a more semantic approach, where the analyst will tend to analyse the meaning behind a word. Although these methods…
Waterloo Bridge and spatiotemporal extent
As an example, take “Waterloo Bridge” as a concept. The first thing we ask is “does it have spatial and temporal extent ?”. It has spatial extent; it spans the River Thames. However, when we examine the temporal extent we realise there have been two bridges at that site. The…
Cidoc-crm Version 4.2.4 - Reference Document
Kr primitive
The term primitive as used in knowledge representation characterizes a concept that is declared and its meaning is agreed upon, but that is not defined by a logical deduction from other concepts
Intention of a class
The intension of a class or property is its intended meaning. It consists of one or more common traits shared by all instances of the class or property. These traits need not be explicitly formulated in logical terms, but may just be described in a text (here called a scope…
Data - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Information vs data
Beynon-Davies uses the concept of a sign to distinguish between data and information; data is a series of symbols, while information occurs when the symbols are used to refer to something.[5][6] It is people and computers who collect data and impose patterns on it. These…
Demystifying Networks
An introduction to network analysis
Anyone with a lot of time and a vicious interest in networks should stop reading right now, and instead pick up copies of Networks, Crowds, and Markets (Easley & Kleinberg, 2010) and Networks: An Introduction (Newman, 2010). The first is a non-mathy introduction to most of…
Description Logic - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Unique name assumption
There are two features of Description Logic that are not shared by most other data description formalisms: DL does not make the Unique Name Assumption (UNA) or the Closed World Assumption (CWA). Not having UNA means that two concepts with different names may be allowed by some…
Description logic vs other formalisms
A Description Logic (DL) models concepts, roles and individuals, and their relationships.The fundamental modeling concept of a DL is the axiom - a logical statement relating roles and/or concepts. This is a key difference from the frames paradigm where a frame specification…
Epigrams On Programming
Seek symmetry everywhere
Symmetry is a complexity reducing concept (co-routines include sub-routines); seek it everywhere.
From Encyclopedia To Ontology: Toward Dynamic Representation Of The Discipline Of Philosophy
Computational ontologies and knowledge bases
We take a computational ontology to be a directed acyclic graph where nodes represent concepts and the links between concepts represent the taxonomic “isa” relation (e.g. in the graph where ‘Wine → Red Wine → Brunello di Montalcino, everything that “is a” instance of Brunello…
Guidelines For The Construction, Format, And Management Of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies. American National Standards Institute
Synonymy and the single preferred term
Synonymy occurs when a concept can be represented by multiple terms having the same or similar meanings. The desired content may be difficult to retrieve because it can be described by different but equivalent terminology. Words: Artificial consciousness, Biocomputers…
Life, The Multiverse And Everything: An Introduction To The Ideas Of Humberto Maturana Interpreting Maturana
The illusion of independent existence
So objects arise in languaging and at the same time obscure the operations of distinction for which they stand. Hence we are left with these entities which seem to exist independently of everything. This illusion of independent existence is achieved because the objects obscure…
Medieval Semiotics (meier-oeser, Stephan)
To speak of medieval semiotics is not to speak of a precisely defined discipline
To speak of medieval semiotics is not to speak of a precisely defined discipline besides, and distinct from, other medieval arts and sciences; it is rather to speak of a complex field of more or less — mostly more — elaborate reflections on the concept of sign, its nature…
A close interconnection of logic and epistemology: from signification to representation
The definition of mental concepts as signa rerum also provides the basis of a close interconnection of logic and epistemology as it is characteristic especially of the later Middle Ages. In conjunction with this, a redefinition of the notion of signification (significare) is…
Mental concepts begin to be characterized as signs of things (signa rerum).
The criticism of modist grammar is based on a fundamental redefinition of the concept of sign, coming about after the mid-13th century. For the translocation of signification in the proper sense from the word to the intellect is based on the presupposition that, whatever…
A mistaken assumption
In view of this it should be clear that the widespread opinion according to which in medieval philosophy the sign was characterized by the “classical definition” or the “famous formula of aliquid stat pro aliquo” (something stands for something)[53] is mistaken. It is…
Boethius commenting on Aristotle
in his more elaborate second commentary on Peri Hermeneias, Boethius discusses at length the interrelations between the four elements of linguistic semeiosis mentioned by Aristotle, i.e., between external objects or things (res), mental concepts or representations (passiones…
Ontology And The Art Of Not Designing | In Context
Ontology is an exercise in detection not creation
Requirements have no effect on meaning. Concepts are unaffected by whether or not you choose to include them in an application. If a given concept is that of a relative thing then that is the only thing it can mean; if you need to stand it up in an ontology at all, you need to…
Pluralism (philosophy) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Ontological pluralism
Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of language-games argues that there is no over-arching, single, fundamental ontology, but only a patchwork of overlapping interconnected ontologies ineluctably leading from one to another. For example, Wittgenstein discusses 'number' as technical…
Rdf Primer
Typing resources with rdf:type
However, example.com will probably offer several different models of tents, as well as multiple instances of other categories of products, such as backpacks, hiking boots, and so on. This idea of things being classified into different kinds or categories is similar to the…
Research Fronts 2014 : 100 Top Ranked Specialties In The Sciences And Social
A citation index is better than manually selected indexing terms
When Eugene Garfield introduced the concept of a citation index for the sciences in 1955, he emphasized its several advantages over traditional subject indexing. Since a citation index records the references in each article indexed, a search can proceed from a known work of…
Semantic Web For The Humanities
Concept drift in the humanities
Different versions of the same dataset show that concepts change their meaning over time, especially if the time gap is wide. Although not meaning exactly the same, two time gapped instances of the same concept may preserve some degree of sameness. For example, the concept…
Contextual knowledge in the humanities
Humanities ontologies require dynamic concept formalizations instead of static ones, especially for contested, open-textured or ambiguous concepts. The definition of such concepts needs to be dynamically built depending on their contexts. Examples of contextual knowledge are…
Taking Philosophical Dialogue Online
Interpretation (philosophy)
Here we expect students to grasp the meaning of philosophical concepts, propositions and texts. What constitutes successful interpretation is a contentious issue, but for the purposes of this study, I shall assume that there is agreement as to what would constitute an inept…
Tf–idf - Wikipedia
Tf–idf with citations
The idea behind tf–idf also applies to entities other than terms. In 1998, the concept of idf was applied to citations.[9] The authors argued that "if a very uncommon citation is shared by two documents, this should be weighted more highly than a citation made by a large number…
The Ego Trick (baggini, Julian)
Wittgenstein on the concept of game
Ludwig Wittgenstein is another thinker who can help explain why exactitude is not always possible. He saw that many words and concepts do not have precise rules for their use, and cannot have their meanings analysed in strict logical terms. Wittgenstein famously used the…
Custard cannot be nailed to a wall
‘But is a blurred concept a concept at all?’ he imagined them objecting. ‘Is an indistinct photograph a picture of a person at all?’ he answered. ‘Is it even always an advantage to replace an indistinct picture by a sharp one? Isn’t the indistinct one often exactly what we…
Are person and self sortal concepts?
The false assumption can be put in another way. Concepts such as ‘person’ and ‘self’ are taken to be either ‘sortals’ or useless. A sortal concept is one which allows you to count the number of things to which that concept applies, and to specify the conditions for their…
Person is not a robust sortal
I’m happy to bite both Noonan’s bullets. In fact, I chew them with relish. ‘Person’ is not best thought of as a robust sortal concept and so ‘personal identity’ is strictly speaking non-existent. The idea that ‘person’ is not a sortal concept may seem bizarre. How could we…
The Tao Of Topic Maps
Subject identity in topic maps
The goal with topic maps is to achieve a one-to-one relationship between topics and the subjects that they represent, in order to ensure that all knowledge about a particular subject can be accessed via a single topic. However, sometimes the same subject is represented by more…
Thesauri Of Historical Periods – A Proposal For Standardization.
Period names mean different things to different archaeologists
Archaeologists create terminology about periods in order to classify finds by a schema of relative chronology (periods) and to relate sequences of settlements and cultures. The use of a certain terminology implies a number of ideas that may differ from researcher to researcher…
A schema for period definition documents
The schema describes a single period concept as a single document (in the sequence called period definition document) that may link to other period definition documents and auxiliary concepts, such as bi bliography or gazetteer entries. A period thesaurus is built from a set…
Naming periods like biological species
[...] we identify a period concept with the term plus a reference to the first known publication that actually defined it, just as it is good practice in biology (Berendsohn 1995). We propose to create unique preferred terms as in biology (e.g.: Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus…
Ubiseditor 3.0: Collaborative Ontology Development On The Web
Ontology segmentation
Ontology segmentation or the creation of ontology views is an important issue. Since many ontologies constantly grow in size and are therefore more and more difficult to understand, maintain and edit, ontology segmentation shall help to extract only those parts of a large…
Where Are The Semantics In The Semantic Web?
4 questions for analyzing a sw system
Question 1: What is hardwired and what isn’t? Question 2: How much agreement is there among different Web sites in their use of terminology and in the similarity of the concepts being referred to? Question 3: To what extent are the semantics of the content clearly specified? Is…