Core : Three Access Levels To Underpin Open Access / quote 2 of 10
Green and gold open access
Apart from the growth of OA journals, providing so-‐called Gold OA, a cornerstone of the OA movement has been a process called self-‐archiving (Green OA). Self-‐archiving refers to the deposit of a preprint or postprint of a journal or conference article in an institutional repository or archive. According to the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR), more than 65% of publishers endorse self-‐archiving. They include major players, such as Springer Verlag. It is largely due to this policy that millions of research papers are available online without the necessity to pay a subscription. According the to the study of Laasko & Björk (2012), 17% of currently published research articles are available as gold OA. The recent study of Gargouri, et al. (2012) shows that about 20% of articles are made available as green OA. Countries with more and stronger (institutional or funder) green OA mandates have even higher proportions of articles available as green OA. For example, almost 40% of research outputs in the UK are believed to be available through the green route. ... There is still, of course, a number of reasons that hinder the adoption of Open Access (Björk, 2003) including often discussed legal barriers as well as the issues related to evidence of scientific recognition. In this paper, we discuss a very important yet a rarely debated one — the lack of a mature technical infrastructure.