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#reference
Cidoc-crm Version 4.2.4 - Reference Document
Properties are like grammatical verbs
A property serves to define a relationship of a specific kind between two classes. The property is characterized by an intension, which is conveyed by a scope note. A property plays a role analogous to a grammatical verb, in that it must be defined with reference to both its…
Life, The Multiverse And Everything: An Introduction To The Ideas Of Humberto Maturana Interpreting Maturana
Multiversa
While the universum is the ultimate reference cited for the validity of any statement in the transcendental path, the Multiversa is entailed by the parenthetic path, and implies that a multiplicity of realities can be brought forth depending only on the distinctions of the…
Mind: A Brief Introduction (John R. Searle)
What philosophers mean by intentionality
“Intentionality” is a technical term used by philosophers to refer to that capacity of the mind by which mental states refer to, or are about, or are of objects and states of affairs in the world other than themselves. So, for example, if I have a belief, it must be a belief…
How thoughts reach out to the world
The special philosophical problem of intentionality is this: suppose that I now believe that George W. Bush is in Washington. The question arises, How can my thoughts, which are entirely inside my mind, reach out all the way to Washington, D.C.? If I think the sun is 93 million…
Rigid designators
Kripke’s argument appeals to the concept of a “rigid designator.” A rigid designator is defined as an expression that always refers to the same object in any possible state of affairs. Thus, the expression, “Benjamin Franklin,” is a rigid designator because in the usage that I…
Thinking about things that do not exist
To make matters even worse, it seems that I can sometimes think about objects that do not even exist. When I was a small child I believed that Santa Claus comes on Christmas Eve. Was my belief about Santa Claus? It certainly seems so, but how is that possible, since Santa Claus…
Meanings just ain't in the head
You might think that “water” could be defined as a clear, colorless, tasteless liquid found in lakes and streams and coming out of the sky in the form of rain. But, says Hilary Putnam, that does not give the meaning of “water.” To see this, imagine a galaxy just like ours, with…
Indexical definitions are still in the mind
What are we to make of these arguments? I admire the philosophical acumen of their authors, but I think both arguments are fallacious. The basic idea of internalism is that the mind—and by “mind” here we mean what is inside the head—sets conditions that an object must meet in…
Each word contributes to the truth condition
Everybody agrees that each component, “Socrates” and “water,” makes a contribution to the total truth condition of the thought. “Socrates” picks out Socrates and “water” refers to water.
Is the condition in the speaker's head
The question is, Is the condition associated with the word something that is represented in the speaker’s mind / brain, or is it something that is in part independent of the speaker’s mind / brain? According to the internalist, the condition must be represented in the speaker’s…
Networks Of Scientific Papers
Research fronts distinguish science from scholarship
The balance of references and citations in a single. year indicates one very important attribute of the network . Although most papers produced in the year contain a near- average number of bibliographic references, half of these are references to about half of all the papers…
Rdf Primer
Anything with a URI reference is a resource
Because of this generality, RDF uses URIs as the basis of its mechanism for identifying the subjects, predicates, and objects in statements. To be more precise, RDF uses URI references [URIS]. A URI reference (or URIref) is a URI, together with an optional fragment identifier…
Similar URIrefs may name unrelated things
Another difference is in the way URIrefs with fragment identifiers are handled. [..] RDF uses URI references purely to identify resources, not to retrieve them, and RDF assumes no particular relationship between these two URIrefs. As far as RDF is concerned, they are…
Research Fronts 2014 : 100 Top Ranked Specialties In The Sciences And Social
Co-citation analysis vs bibliographic coupling
Both Small and Marshakova- Shaikevich contrasted co-citation with bibliographic coupling, which had been described by Myer Kessler in 196315. Bibliographic coupling measures subject similarity between documents based on the frequency of shared cited references: if two works…
The Tao Of Topic Maps
An index maps the knowledge in a book
The word “index” means many things, most of which relate to pointing in some way (“index”, plural “indicis”, is Latin for forefinger, informer, or sign). The sense we are interested in is that given in the Concise Oxford Dictionary as: 6. Alphabetical list, usu. at end of book…
Topics without names
Normally topics have explicit names, since that makes them easier to talk about.[4] However, topics don't always have names: A simple cross reference, such as “see page 97”, is considered to be a link to a topic that has no (explicit) name.